|
Dental (or more precisely denti-alveolar)〔Ladefoged & Traill, 1984:18〕 clicks are a family of click consonants found, as constituents of words, only in Africa and in the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. The ''tut-tut!'' (British spelling, "tutting") or ''tsk! tsk!'' (American spelling, "tsking") sound used to express disapproval or pity is a dental click, although it is not a speech sound (phoneme) in that context. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the place of articulation of these sounds is , a pipe. Prior to 1989, was the IPA letter for the dental clicks. It is still occasionally used where the symbol would be confounded with other symbols, such as prosody marks, or simply because in many fonts the pipe is indistinguishable from an el or capital i.〔John Wells, 2011. (Vertical lines ). Compare the pipe, , with , , and (unformatted , , , ).〕 Either letter may be combined with a second letter to indicate the manner of articulation, though this is commonly omitted for tenuis clicks, and increasingly a diacritic is used instead. Common dental clicks are: The last is what is heard in the sound sample at right, as non-native speakers tend to glottalize clicks to avoid nasalizing them. In the orthographies of individual languages, the letters and digraphs for dental clicks may be based on either the pipe symbol of the IPA, , or on the Latin of Bantu convention. Nama and most Saan languages use the former; Naro, Sandawe, and Zulu use the latter. ==Features== Features of dental clicks: *The forward place of articulation is typically dental (or denti-alveolar) and laminal, which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge or the upper teeth, but depending on the language may be interdental or even apical. The release is a noisy, affricate-like sound. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dental clicks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|